How do series circuits differ from parallel circuits?

Series circuits are characterized by the way the components are connected; they are arranged end to end, meaning that the current flows through each component sequentially. This type of connection results in a single pathway for the flow of electricity, so the same current travels through all components, which can cause each component to experience the same current load.

In contrast, parallel circuits feature multiple paths for the electrical current to flow. This configuration allows components to be connected across the same voltage source, ensuring that each component shares the same voltage but can draw different amounts of current based on its resistance.

Understanding this fundamental difference in structure—where series circuits connect end to end versus the multiple pathways created in parallel circuits—provides clarity on how they function and the implications for voltage and current distribution within each circuit type.