How does AC current differ from DC current?

AC current, or alternating current, is characterized by its ability to change direction periodically. This means that the flow of electric charge in an AC circuit reverses its direction at regular intervals, typically measured in hertz (Hz). This alternating behavior allows for more efficient long-distance transmission of electricity, as it can be easily transformed to different voltage levels using transformers.

In contrast, DC current, or direct current, flows in a single direction consistently. The unique properties of AC facilitate various applications, such as in household electrical outlets and power systems where converting energy forms is needed. Understanding this fundamental difference is essential in electrical engineering and applications, as it influences circuit design, component selection, and overall system functionality.