What function does a capacitor serve in an electrical circuit?

A capacitor is a passive electronic component that plays a crucial role in electrical circuits by storing and releasing electrical energy. It operates by accumulating charge on its plates when voltage is applied across it, which allows it to store energy in the form of an electric field. When the voltage is removed or drops, the capacitor can discharge the stored energy back into the circuit, providing a source of power when needed. This capability makes capacitors essential for various applications, such as smoothing out voltage fluctuations, filtering signals, and providing energy storage in applications like timing circuits and power supply systems.

The function of capacitors in electrical circuits highlights their importance in managing energy in ways that enhance circuit performance, ensuring stability, and facilitating operations in both analog and digital applications.