What is the difference between an electrical conductor and an insulator?

The distinction between an electrical conductor and an insulator is fundamentally based on how each material interacts with electric current. A conductor is characterized by its ability to allow electric current to flow through it easily. This is due to the presence of free electrons within the material that can move freely, facilitating the passage of electricity. Common examples of conductors include metals like copper and aluminum.

Conversely, an insulator is designed to resist the flow of electric current. This is typically achieved through a lack of free-moving charge carriers, making it difficult for electricity to pass through. Materials such as rubber, glass, and plastic serve as good insulators and are often used to ensure safety by preventing unintended electrical conduction.

Understanding these roles is essential, as the proper use of conductors and insulators is critical in the design and safety of electrical systems. The correct option captures these characteristics accurately, making it clear that conductors enable current flow while insulators impede it.