What is the primary function of a relay in an automotive electrical system?

The primary function of a relay in an automotive electrical system is to switch electrical circuits on and off. Relays act as electrically operated switches that use a small current to control a larger current. When voltage is applied to the coil of the relay, it creates a magnetic field that closes the contacts within the relay, completing the circuit for the electrical component it controls, such as lights, fans, or fuel pumps. This allows for the efficient management of power distribution within the vehicle's electrical system while providing a level of isolation between the control circuit and the load circuit. By using a relay, manufacturers can manage high-power components safely and efficiently from low-power signal sources, making them essential for the functionality of many automotive systems.